Table 3 Application of copper oxide NPs as a nanofertilizer
Plant species | Concentration | Application | Impact | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Zea mays L | (0.01–0.02 mg/L) for solution culture and 8 mg/L for foliar spray | Solution culture and foliar spray | • The bioaccumulation rate increased by increasing concentration of CuO NPs • CuO NPs enter into the plant cell through roots and leaves • Both types of application increased growth of plants by 51% • The enzymatic activity of plant was highly influenced by CuO NPs | [58] |
Medicago polymorpha L | 10–100 mg/kg | Solution culture | • The fresh weight of M. polymorpha L. increased between 3.7 and 8.1% by CuO NPs exposure • The micronutrient such as P, K, Mg, Ca improved in treatment group in contrast to control • CuO NPs concentration between 10 and 25 mg/kg had best impacts | [7] |
Lettuce (var. ramose Hort.) | 0–400 mg/kg | Solution culture | • Root Cu increased by 67.7–128.0% in all treatment compared to control • Shoot biomass increased by 16.3–19.1% in all treatment group • 200 and 400 mg/kg CuO NPs increased transpiration rate and caused higher stomatal conductance compared to control | [59] |