Table 1 Sample characteristics

Outcomes

 Inorganic Fertiliser use (kg/per season)

1128

4267

1920

8437

896.7

1514

872.5

1119

 Fertiliser expenditure (FCFA)

189,032

531,175

240,738

798,259

148,292

324,535

194,745

481,081

 Tractor use (1/0)

0.894

0.308

0.891

0.312

0.897

0.304

0.892

0.311

 Improved rice varieties (1/0)

0.706

0.456

0.752

0.434

0.728

0.466

0.659

0.475

 Quantity of rice paddy harvested (kg/per season)

5626

10,582

7015

12,941

5196

9285

5199

10,101

Treatment

 Contract farming (yes = 1)

0.181

0.385

0.202

0.403

0.179

0.385

0.17

0.377

Controls

 Gender of household head (male = 1)

0.965

0.183

0.953

0.211

0.959

0.199

0.978

0.148

 Educational level (at least primary = 1)

0.722

0.448

0.752

0.434

0.744

0.438

0.686

0.465

 Marital status (yes = 1)

0.929

0.258

0.922

0.268

0.923

0.267

0.937

0.243

 Age of household head (years)

57.07

13.17

56.4

13.78

56.92

13.28

57.59

12.75

 Off-farm income access (yes = 1)

0.157

0.364

0.147

0.356

0.138

0.346

0.179

0.385

 Other income (yes = 1)

0.196

0.397

0.194

0.397

0.2

0.401

0.193

0.395

 Livestock ownership (TLU)

5.604

9.943

7.065

11.56

5.575

9.956

4.783

8.811

 Asset value (10,000FCFA)

23.97

335.7

13.92

58.52

10.22

46.79

9.073

43.47

 Observations

547

129

195

223