Longer food miles of beef under self-insufficiency and halal requirements

Table 7 Estimated coefficients of paths

Direction	Original Est	Bootstrap mean	Bootstrap SD	T Stat	5% CI	95% CI	Hypotheses (remarks)
Insufficiency → FoodMiles	0.157^a	0.160	0.051	3.078	0.058	0.256	H₁: accepted
Halal → FoodMiles	0.103^b	0.104	0.046	2.231	0.008	0.191	H₆: accepted
Behaviour → FoodMiles	0.122^b	0.125	0.048	2.561	0.036	0.217	H_2a: accepted
Behaviour → Insufficiency	0.472^a	0.473	0.035	13.440	0.405	0.539	H₃: accepted
Behaviour → Insufficiency → FoodMiles	0.074^a	0.075	0.025	2.977	0.027	0.122	H_2b: accepted
Urbanisation → Insufficiency	0.093^a	0.093	0.030	3.157	0.032	0.153	H_5a: accepted
Urbanisation → Behaviour	0.275^a	0.276	0.033	8.267	0.209	0.344	H₄: accepted
Urbanisation → Behaviour → Insufficiency	0.130^a	0.131	0.022	6.016	0.092	0.177	H_5b: accepted

^asignificant under α = 0.01, ^bsignificant under α = 0.05, and ^csignificant under α = 0.10
Source: Authors (original)

ISSN: 2048-7010