Longer food miles of beef under self-insufficiency and halal requirements

Table 2 Respondents’ characteristics (N = 895)

No	Socio-demographic characteristics		Total (person)	Proportion (%)	Type of sample	Sample measurement
1	Gender	Male	505	56.42	Categorical	Male (1) and female (0)
1	Gender	Female	390	43.58	Categorical	Male (1) and female (0)
2	Education	Senior high school or less	111	12.40	Categorical	Senior high school or less (1), vocational and undergraduate (2), and postgraduate (3)
		vocational and undergraduate	353	39.44
		Postgraduate	431	48.16
3	Income	< IDR 5 million (< USD 320)	298	33.30	Categorical	< IDR 5 million or < USD 320 (1), IDR 5–10 million or USD 320 – 639 (2), and > IDR 10 million or > USD 639 (3)
		IDR 5–10 million (USD 320–639)	356	39.78
		> IDR 10 million (> USD 639)	241	26.93
4	Residence 1	Java Island	592	66.15	Categorical	Java Island (1) and outside Java Island 0)
4	Residence 1	Outside Java Island	303	33.85	Categorical	Java Island (1) and outside Java Island 0)
5	Residence 2	Urban	639	71.40	Categorical	Non-urban (1), neutral (2), and urban (3)
		Non-urban	130	14.53
		Neutral	126	14.08
6	Age	< 30 years old	123	13.74	Categorical	> 30 years old (1), 30–50 years old (2), and > 50 years old (3)
		30–50 years old^a	653	72.96
		> 50 years old^a	119	13.30
7	Religion	Muslim	883	98.66	Categorical	Muslim (1) and non-Muslim (2)
7	Religion	Non-Muslim	12	1.34	Categorical	Muslim (1) and non-Muslim (2)

^aBased on Indonesia’s population census data, the population with the age between 30 and 50 has the highest share of marriages, and the population with the age above 50 has the second highest share of marriages [54]. Thus, it can be assumed that most respondents with the age above 30 are married
Source: Author (original)

ISSN: 2048-7010