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Table 3 Regressions results: additional economic controls and squared terms

From: The contribution of agricultural inputs in reducing child stunting

Dependent variable: child stunting (%)

 

Economic controls

Squared terms

 

System GMM

Diff. GMM

System GMM

Diff. GMM

 

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Child_stunt_L1

1.0436***

0.9326426***

1.023739***

1.013486***

 

(0.0000)

(0.0000)

(0.0000)

(0.0000)

GDP_pc_PPP

0.000324***

0.000101

0.000296***

0.000201*

 

(0.0010)

(0.3880)

(0.0000)

(0.0510)

GDP_pc_PPP2

− 4.55E−09***

1.11E−09

− 3.97E−09***

− 1.72E−09

 

(0.0040)

(0.5550)

(0.0010)

(0.3190)

Pop_tot

0.000001

− 1.16E−05**

1.88E−06

− 1.09E−05**

 

(0.4350)

(0.0130)

(0.2170)

(0.0240)

Agr_area_pc

− 0.128033***

− 0.036745

− 0.073970***

− 0.135994

 

(0.0010)

(0.7340)

(0.0010)

(0.1860)

Irr_equip_perc

− 0.042709

0.084230

− 0.036491

0.078485

 

(0.2130)

(0.2390)

(0.3490)

(0.1260)

Manure_N_ph

− 0.031924

− 0.053416*

0.009997

− 0.012279

 

(0.1130)

(0.1000)

(0.7570)

(0.8840)

Manure_N_ph2

  

− 0.000110

− 5.54E−05

   

(0.5490)

(0.8890)

NPK_ph

− 0.012034***

− 0.015545*

− 0.015720

0.005395

 

(0.0060)

(0.0660)

(0.1830)

(0.6210)

NPK_ph2

  

− 0.000022

− 2.90E−05

   

(0.6620)

(0.3420)

Pest_ph

0.233708***

0.057025

0.366201**

0.082684

 

(0.0040)

(0.4810)

(0.0160)

(0.2970)

Pest_ph2

  

− 0.007394**

− 0.001835

   

(0.0230)

(0.1830)

Conflict_deaths

0.056200***

0.038172

0.023426

0.007498

 

(0.0080)

(0.1200)

(0.4640)

(0.7590)

N_droughts

− 0.814289

− 0.383438

− 0.588088

− 0.341604

 

(0.1210)

(0.2900)

(0.1700)

(0.3690)

N_floods

0.106631*

0.058062

0.121342*

0.082221*

 

(0.0950)

(0.1880)

(0.0390)

(0.0570)

FDI

2.92E−08

4.67E−07

  
 

(0.9440)

(0.3220)

  

Gross_cap_f

4.53E−08

− 1.75E−07

  
 

(0.7600)

(0.3480)

  

Inf_rate

0.000624

− 0.017243

  
 

(0.8430)

(0.5360)

  

Const.

− 3.913445***

 

− 3.838470***

 
 

(0.0080)

 

(0.0010)

 
  1. Significance levels: *** = 1%, ** = 5%, * = 10%. P-values in brackets