Adoption of milk safety practices: evidence from dairy farmers in Ethiopia

Feyisa, Bekele Wegi; Haji, Jema; Mirzabaev, Alisher

doi:10.1186/s40066-024-00479-z

Agriculture & Food Security

Table 1 Summary of milk safety practices adopted in the study areas

From: Adoption of milk safety practices: evidence from dairy farmers in Ethiopia

Animal Health	% of adopters	Milking hygiene	% of adopters	Milk storage	% of adopters	Other general hygienic practices	% of adopters
Selected dairy cows well suited to the local environment	93.17	Washing hands before milking	98.78	Milk storage area is clean	99.27	Plan ahead to ensure the herd’s feeds and water requirements are met	72.68
Herd size is balanced with available feed, labor and other resources	17.80	Drying hands before milking	53.90	Milk storage area is separate from milking area	96.83	Buy inputs from known sources for quality inputs	33.90
Vaccinate all animals at least yearly	74.88	Washing udder of cows before milking	52.93	Milk storage area is lockable and free from birds, cats, dogs, etc	95.12	Prepare food mix as directed by feed experts to meet nutritional needs of dairy cows	11.22
Buy only animals of known health status	50.49	Udders of dairy cows dried before milking	29.76	Store milk in refrigerator	0.49	Discard/ avoid feeding spoiled and contaminated feed by chemical, biological or physical contaminants	73.66
Quarantine immediately if observe sign of diseases on bought animals	49.51	Use disposable tissue for drying breasts of each dairy cows after washing	18.05	Fresh milk collection equipment is kept clean when vacant	95.85	Get awareness about disease that affects feed (aflatoxin)	7.07
Regularly check animals for sign of disease	86.59	Drying hands before milking	53.90	Equipment washed before bulking	100	Drain (dry) urine immediately after excretion	10.49
Sick animals treated immediately by veterinarians	85.85	Washing milking utensils before milking	100	Bulking equipment dried before used for bulking	97.80	Nails of milking person is trimmed regularly	90.73
Keep sick animals isolated	61.22	Milking done in separate place from feeding areas	68.29	Use stainless steel or aluminum milk storage equipment	3.66	Awareness about gap in milking after treatment	55.61
Keep written record of all treatments and identify treated animals appropriately	7.32	Wearing clean and suitable clothes during milking	46.59			Floor of milking and stall-feeding area is concrete	3.41
Carefully manage animal disease that can affect the public (zoonosis)	57.32	Ensure a sufficient supply of clean water during milking	92.93
Only use veterinary medicine as prescribed by veterinarians	81.95	Ensure milking area is kept clean	96.59
Store veterinary medicines securely and dispose them responsibly	73.90
Calf dehorning	8.05
Veterinarians routinely check animals every year	45.12
Group feeding for horn cows and hornless cows	53.41
No feces seen on the dairy cows	42.44
Washing of dairy cows frequently	21.95

Source: Authors

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ISSN: 2048-7010

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